Monthly Archive for April, 2009
Page 2 of 2
To go high, low or somewhere in between? That is the elevation question. Many of the backcountry huts I’ve been to are located right at tree line, which is ideal for keeping your elevation options open. If conditions are good, you can go up. If not, you have the option of skiing down in the trees.
Lower elevations tend to have warmer snow, less coverage and melt out earlier. But, they can also be more sheltered, have less avalanche danger and become supportable sooner. Because good quality snow at lower elevations is fleeting, I try to ski it first and save the upper elevations for later.
Upper elevations are colder, and thus have lighter, drier snow, but are also more exposed to wind, so they can get blown out. Often times “good skiing” at upper elevations means looking for supportable windboard or corn snow. The best time to look for upper elevation powder is after a storm which has had little to no wind (a semi rare occurrence), or after a long dry spell of cold, clear nights when recrystalized powder might form.

Upper elevations often get blown out, which is great for carveable foam, but not so good for powder hunting.
Mid elevations often have the best snow quality as they are sheltered from the ridgetop winds, yet still high enough to be cold. Trees will further shelter the snow from direct sunlight, which can help preserve the fluff for days after the last storm. The downside of mid-elevations is that it can often be hard to find suitable skiing terrain, which is why good mid-elevation, sheltered tree skiing zones are coveted secrets–you can almost always find good snow there.
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Slope angle is a basic consideration that can be easy to overlook. If you have an appetite for the steeps, low-angle meadow skipping may not even be on your radar, yet have the best snow quality.
What angle to look for and when:
Lower Angle
- Dust on crust when you want to float on the surface. Light edging means that you won’t punch through the soft upper snow and bottom out on the hardpack below.
- Hard or icy conditions – less risk of long, sliding falls
- During periods of higher avalanche danger lower angle slopes will generally be safer
- Crusty snow can be hit or miss. Like dust on crust, if it is barely supportable, less edging pressure means you can float on low angle crust instead of punching through on steeper slopes.

There's a time and place for everything - even meadow skipping. Lou Dawson staying on top of some dust on crust.
- During times of elevated avalanche danger
- Classic shots & long tours
- All around powder skiing
Steep
- Corn snow
- Edgeable windboard
- Recrystalized powder – dreamy beyond words
- Low avalanche danger
- Steep is fun and sexy, but it takes timing.

Steep skiing is all about timing. Save up a hit list and get it while you can. When you can't, relax and ski something else. Petra sliding into the lower entrance on the Pfieff.
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Before I started backcountry skiing, I would have been hard pressed to correctly identify which direction on the compass the sun came up on. There are four main options – north, south, east and west, so I probably would have gotten it eventually, but with backcountry skiing and good snow hunting, knowing your aspects (which direction a slope faces) is a big factor.
As a trivia note, most mountain ranges in North America run south-north, which means their flanks will be east and west facing. In reality, this doesn’t matter all that much as sub-drainages will have their own aspects. The Wasatch mountains are a classic example of this, as they run south to north, but drainages like Little or Big Cottonwood Canyon run east to west, so the skiing is predominately north or south facing. (Confused yet?)
Aspect plays an important role in snow quality as it determines how much sunlight will hit a slope, which in turn affects how mushy or light the snow will stay and how long weak layers will linger. In most areas, aspect is also a consideration in terms of which direction the prevailing storms come from, which will mean some areas get more or less snow.

I've never skied these particular peaks, but just from the photo it looks like north is to the left (shady) and the prevailing storms come in from the upper right hand corner of the photo (east) as can be seen by the large cornice. For a first run, I'd try a mellow, south facing run like the cirque in the middle, then expand on it from there. I would avoid a west facing run (most likely wind loaded) and north facing lines until I knew more about the snowpack.
The Aspects
East – East facing slopes gets the first light of the day, and thus tend to corn up first in the spring, or get crusty in the winter.
South – South facing slopes take the brunt of the sun, which means they will often be mushy. The upside of south facing slopes is that the extra sun means they tend to stabilize faster after new snow fall, but during the spring, they will be the most prone to wet slides.
West – West facing slopes get a dose of cooler afternoon sunlight which often is not enough to tip the snow scales one way or the other. They tend to be a little crustier than other aspects, and a bit trickier to assess avalanche conditions. Because of this, west facing is considered an “off aspect” as is east facing, but to a lesser degree.
North – North facing slopes get the least amount of sunlight, which means they stay cooler, and thus preserve their fluffy snow longer. The downside of this is that north facing slopes also preserve weak layers, so they can be the most avalanche prone as well. If west & east are “off aspects,” north is 100% “on” when it comes to powder.
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Part of the reason I don’t care very much about a ski’s crud-busting characteristics is that I seldom ski crud. This could be because I live in Utah, the fluff-bunny capital of the snow world, but we have plenty of crud here as well if you really want it. Most people don’t.

I don't know if there is a term to describe this type of snow, aside from "good skiing." It wasn't ice, corn or really even wind buff - just nice edgeble snow. Photo by Courtney Phillips.
The hunt for good snow starts with forming a thesis as to what might be the best possible conditions for any given day. If it hasn’t snowed for a while, but there have been, cold, clear nights, recrystalized powder might be forming up in sheltered, north facing, mid to upper elevation slopes. A string of warm days and cold nights mean that a corn cycle might be setting up, in which case the south facing slopes would be the first place to check, then onto the east facers. High winds can scour a windward slope down to excellent wind-buff, but leave the traditionally better leeward sides a funky mess. When it comes to skiing powder days (or weeks) after a storm, mid elevation, sheltered, north facing slopes are generally the last hold-outs as they don’t get hammered by the wind, melted by the sun or warmed by the temps of the lower elevations. Even if it has just rained, a moderate angle, upper elevation slope might have some excellent compacted snow.

Having trouble deciding what might be good on any given day? Rule out some possibilities by thinking about what would be really bad, like wet, roller balled slop in a narrow couloir. Noah Howell making the best of it.
An essential element of forming a snow thesis is to keep an open mind as to what “good skiing” will mean on any given day. Powder is the obvious answer, but you can waste a lot of time and ski a lot of cruddy snow looking for something that perhaps just isn’t there, and in the meantime pass up some excellent alternatives.
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Bruce Edgerly busting pow on demand after a big dump. On days like this, it is hard to go wrong with your choice of location.
Grove has a way with words and an excellent point. Why would you hike for hours to ski crappy snow? You wouldn’t – at least not more than a few times and finding good conditions is the essence of backcountry skiing. A key element to this question is defining “good snow” which is not always powder. At times, corn snow, wind board, recrystalized powder, or chowder may be the best thing going at the moment, and knowing what is going to be good, and where to find it has everything to do with your backcountry satisfaction.

Weeks after the last snow and still skiing powder? WTF? How do you find this? Julia Niles doing what must be done - tracking it up.
A big, fat dump of powder is almost the lowest common denominator of backcountry skiing as everything is going to be good. What separates the savvy pros from the shut-out newbies is the idea of strategic thinking – given the current conditions, what is going to be good, and where do I find it? There is always good skiing to be had in the backcountry, it is just a matter of knowing where and when to go.
To be continued all this week…
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The photo gallery below is an on-line version of my presentation on how the Flagstaff lift would negatively impact the Wasatch backcountry. To see the photo captions, click on the photo, then click through the “Next” buttons.
The maps are approximate and drawn from my memory.
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From a Wasatch backcountry skier’s perspective, putting a chairlift up Flagstaff Mountain would be the equivalent of having an Exxon Valdez oil spill there once a year. It would be devastating beyond words and turn the Days/Silver/Mill D zone into extended slackcountry which would be completely undesirable from a touring point of view. Currently, it is probably the biggest bang for your hiking buck with a 45 minute approach to some of the best skiing the Wasatch has to offer. Because of this, people are fired-up over the very notion of a lift even being considered and rumours, accusations and insults have already begun to fly. Of course, a set of survey stakes marking where the chair would go didn’t do much to allay fears either.
In all, I thought the meeting went really well, if for no other reason than 150-300 people showed up for it, which shows how concerned people are about the topic. The first three speakers (including me) all commented on the underlying core problem – the Wasatch Mountains have seen a vast amount of growth in the last 15 years, with much of it occurring in the last five or so years. Trailheads are filled to overflowing on a regular basis, traffic jams are common in the canyons and there’s no end in sight.
The presentations began with Liam Fitzgerald from UDOT who is in charge of keeping the road open and cars safe from avalanches in Little Cottonwood Canyon. Liam is to avalanches as Warren Buffet is to finance – level headed, tops in his profession and emotionally detached from almost anything but his job. He explained the rationale for the lift, but was also open to other options as well. A key issue of the debate is the idea that the 105 howitzer munitions may be going away, and at the same time, the Department of Homeland Security is not thrilled with the idea of firing explosive rounds over buildings and people, or having a misfire land in a neighborhood. Assuming this happens, someone asked a question about how this would effect the rest of the canyon, since miles below the Flagstaff area are also controlled with artillery. Liam paused, then said “A lot of people would be writing their Senator.” Skiing tourism is a huge deal in Utah, and if you can’t open the key roads due to safety concerns, it effects the entire state.
Onno Wieringa from Alta spoke next, and it is hard not to like this guy. That said, it is also hard to trust him as Alta has so much to gain from this chairlift and almost nothing to lose. They don’t make any money from backcountry skiers, and if anything, they are just a pain-in-the-ass to deal with as far as avalanche control goes. Onno mentioned that if Flagstaff truly was a desirable place to put a lift in, they would have done it years ago, which sounds good, except that Alta only recently acquired the land in the first place. I think it was excellent that Onno showed up, although he didn’t do much to dispel the Alta underground rumor that the lift is a “done deal.”
After I spoke (presentation photos forthcoming on straightchuter.com), Rick Luskin, who is the in-house attorney at Black Diamond was up next. Rick’s background credentials for this presentation were almost too good to be true. Before becoming an Environmental Attorney, Rick worked as a ski patroller and was involved with the Alpine Meadows (?) avalanche were a heavily skier compacted slope ripped loose and buried a base lodge, killing many people. After that, as a recently minted attorney, he was involved in a lawsuit over ski resort development where the opposing council said not to worry about issuing a restraining order to protect a meadow on a Friday, only to find out that it was bulldozed under by Monday for a golf course. Rick’s parting worlds were to the effect of “It is good to listen to people and like them, but not necessarily trust them.”
To add to all of this, the Wasatch is an unbelievable patchwork of land ownerships. In the mining era, plats were bought, sold, divided and subdivided all over the range. Some are only big enough to hold a mine shaft and others are substantial. Some have been traded off in land swaps, some have been developed and some are using the option of development as leverage something else. All of it gets covered with 500+ inches of killer powder every year.
And then there is the economy.
It should be an interesting couple of years coming up in the Wasatch.
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The Little Ship That Couldn’t
The HMS Shithead takes shape in the special climate controlled hanger.
Oh sure, a private “ship” might seem like an extravagant gift, but heli skiing in the Wasatch is a subject that gets backcountry skiers very excited. I know when the Powderbirds decide to share a drainage with me, I often get so excited that I jump up and down until my pants fall off and I lapse into a Tourette Syndrome type of trance and begin screaming in heli-tongues whilst slapping my butt cheeks.
Building a papier-mache pinata and drinking beer go together well as sloppy craftsmanship and lack of attention to detail is essential.
This proud little ship has a few modifications which technically make it an A-Hole instead of an A-Star. But, just like a real Powderbirds ship, it will be filled with fat, alcohol and pork products. Hopefully it will have a longer life span than most of the the Powderbirds pathetic little 45 second flights, but if not, it will share its bounty with the masses and can then be burned or thrown away in an eco-friendly manner that the Powderbirds would do well to emulate.
The HMS Shithead gets its first coat of paint. The logos and stickers come next.
Stay tuned for a potential trip report on the maiden flight of the Shithead over the weekend.
Epilog…
Inserting the payload. The Vodka represents the backcountry skiers - cheap and semi pure of spirit in an unbreakable container. The Slim Jim beefsticks represents the WPG clientele - nasty little cheese infused by-products wrapped in plastic through no fault of their own. The Mini Snickers represents the Forest Service response to years of complaints against the WPG. The Mini 3 Musketeers represents Tyrone, Crusty & Oily, the three swashbuckling WPG guides who are living a long gone dream.
Marla getting harassed by the helicopter - just like a day of backcountry skiing in the Wasatch, except this time the backcountry skiers get to strike back.
Oh no! The good ship Shithead has lost its main rotor... yet still keeps going! Billy using the force (and a little help from his canine pal) to line up the coup du grace.
"You shan't recover from this one darling" Spinal Tap
The Shithead going up in flames during a sombre funeral pyre ceremony. So long sucker.
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